PSYCHOLOGICAL SIDE IN PERIODIZATION OF CHILD DEVELOPMENT

Psychiatric education is very important for forming the soul of balance in the child's personality. Psychiatric education means educating the children so they can be brave, open, independent, helpful, able to control anger, and love against all forms of moral virtue dam soul absolutely. In order to achieve optimal educational purposes, so parents should pay attention to mental growth of children in the educational process.
For example, when children are 1-6 years old, then a prominent development in this period are: a. Language development, b. The development of taste of me, c. The development of hedonic properties, d. The development of social aspects, e. The development of child’s fantasy


LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT

Language development in children sometimes fast, sometimes slow, or even stop altogether (ie when the child is learning to walk, because most of its energy drained to learn to walk). Therefore, parents should teach their children repeatedly and also give motivation to the children so that there is a balance between learning to talk and learning to walk.
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There are four periods of language development in children, namely:

a. The first period, between 1 to 1.6 years old.
Each time parents mention one word at a time the child approached, then the child will understand that the word was directed to him. Once the children understand, children will imitate words, although not yet with the correct greeting. For example when our youngest child closer to his sister named Dina or Dina approaching to her younger brother, then we recursively call Dina, then the child will understand that the said Dina is to a new familiar object, although he would call it with "Na" or "Nana" (because his ability is still limited).

Similarly, when he saw something, then he called it in accordance with sound it creates, because that's the voice he heard over and over. Cat calls eong, dogs called hung, and so forth (except when we as parents say a word for an object that approached a particular child or an act that we do). Actually a word that the child expressed a desire pronounce (it should be a sentence) so that the word is known by one word sentences.

b. Second period, between 1.6 to 2 years old
At this time, the development of skill proficiency of children accompanied by the development of walking, so the children will be more and more to see things and want to know its name (kids always ask for your name objects seen). Therefore, this period is also called the "what is that" period.
In this period, parents should be wise in guiding their children. Therefore, these questions must be answered by saying the child is right, we do not answer by saying that as if we were children, because the spoken word for an object or anything with the right words will train the children call an object by saying Also correct.

The issue of children will imitate our speech with words that’s not fit (because of the ability of speech is still limited), this is not a problem. What is clear, what is reflected in the child's mind about the name of an object is what we say.

Difficulty speaking is common. This happens because the development of abilities and desires faster than the wealth of the language. Other causes are more energy is absorbed for the physical development compared to language development.

c. The third period, between 2 to 2.6 years old
At this time, children began to appear showing excellence in composing the words. Children have started using the prefix and suffix, although not as perfect as spoken by adults. We as parents are wise must justify greeting children carefully because sometimes the children are not happy when we confirm or refine the words (if the sentence is too long).

In this period, we will often hear kids say the funny words. In addition, children also will construct a sentence for a particular purpose, but often do not fit with its application.

d. The fourth period, between 2.6 years old and beyond.

Child's curiosity will be increased in this period so the question also begin prolonged. Children begin to feel inadequate with the answers short and concise. Each answer also raises new questions. We as parents need to be better prepared to serve the child for all that they ask. Here is an opportunity for parents to teach more of the good things in their children.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF TASTE OF ME

I think a lot of developments occurred while the child was three years old. This period is the period in which thoughts and feelings are still so narrow that a child has a view that all is hers and she should win in every way. If the child usually says: This is Dina’s mother, this is Dina’s bike and others, in this period will be changed to say: this is my mother, this is my bike and others. So, it is clear that at this point that the child realizes she or find the "I" her. Socialization’s teachings in a simple way would be necessary. It aims to instill character in children's self-togetherness.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEDONIC PROPERTIES

In the children's self-contained nature of the hedonistic, namely the assumption that everything that they like is good. Instead, everything unpleasant they considered bad. Such perceptions will change over time if we given positive suggestions to our child. Explanation to the children (with their own language), about which one is actually good and which ones are really bad (with caution) would change the nature of hedonistic. So, for them to choose the good and bad things, first the children should get a lesson about it. With the reward (in the form of praise) and punishments from parents, children gradually begin to know where the good and bad things.
In the child, reward and punishment would be to leave an impression, then that impression will be a control for the child. Control is what will make the child who has good character.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ASPECTS

In this period, children begin to decrease dependence on parents, family members, or people outside so that children can begin to leave the house a bit old and starting school. Children at this age can not distinguish the sexes so that they are free to play together.

At this time the parents should be more vigilant in paying attention to education of their children, because children have started to get influences from outside. Children need more guidance to control the negative influences. Lack of guidance and supervision of children will lead to education that we do be in vain, because the influence of external (environmental impact) is more dominating education of our children.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHILD’S FANTASY

In the development of child's fantasy, there are three pictures as a result of the psychic abilities of children:
a. Preview sensing, that is the impression the absorption by the five senses.
b. Picture memory, is the impression sensing images that have been stored in the soul that can cause back, remember, and internalized.
c. Views fantasy, namely creativity of new images in the psyche of children.

As already mentioned above, when the child has reached physical maturity, the child already has the readiness to enter school (about age 6-7 years). At this time the child is also experiencing significant psychological development, which must be observed by the parents. Psychic development during the period of this school are:

1. Development of Feelings
According to Prof. Hukstra, the feeling is a function of the soul to be able to consider and measure things with a sense of happy and unhappy.
At the school, children will quickly feel satisfied with what he was doing, so that most children in this age will always look happy. In addition, children may not be able to feel the suffering and distress of others, but the feeling of aesthetic, religious, responsibility, and others have begun to develop.

2. Absorption Progress
Children at the school has been progressing on the absorption, of the things that are common to things that are special.

3. Mind Development
At the school, the child is no longer egocentric. This means that children no longer regards itself as the center of everything. The development of this thought began when children learn to interpret the words and learn to speak.
In the development of mind, children are influenced by social factors. So, even though a child's physical development is good, but if he is isolated from social life, he will experience setbacks common development.

4. Memory Development
Their memories of children affected by the child's own nature, circumstances beyond the souls of children, child mental state, and the child's age at the time. Children are easier to remember something to do with movements.
In the next stage will appear mechanical memory. Mechanical memory is what will continue to grow and continue to affect the way remember from the child age until puberty.

5. Development of Fantasy
With fantasy, human can form something which is still there so that something new is a creation.
Fantasy in childhood is very strong, because of incomplete intelligence resources they own. In other words, the intellect of children do not yet have a solid foundation of logic so that children may not be able to control what is imagined using ratios. If not maintained, the children may fall in the evil deeds. However, during the stay in control, the fantasy of children will lead to positive things, especially if backed by the power of creativity children are constantly being developed. Usually the expression of child fantasy realized in the form of drawings, stories, chat, etc.

6. Willingness Development
The will is the will drive targeted at specific objectives and considerations are controlled by thought or intellect. As early as possible we as parents and teachers should develop the potential of willingness on the positive things, because only with a willingness that is the child will experience optimal growth. The school age is the best time to build the will to our children, because in this period the children usually happy to go to school, study hard, and very obedient to the rules of the school. At the age of ten to eleven years old, children began to arise craze on one subject, so hopefully will be beneficial to yourself and others.

By : Agil Azzahra 

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